Yaroslav’s conflict with his father Vladimir
Presumably, the cause of the conflict could be Vladimir’s intention to transfer the throne to one of his younger sons, Prince Boris of Rostov, to whom he transferred command of the prince’s squad, which actually meant recognition of Boris as heir.
ethnic people from Central Asia. invaded and the army assembled against Yaroslav, led by Boris, was forced to go to repel the raid of the steppes, who, having heard about the approach of Boris, turned back.
Varangians hired by Yaroslav, bored with nothing to do in Novgorod, began to riot. From the Novgorod First Chronicle:
“… the Vikings began to do violence to married wives”
As a result, the Novgorodians rebelled and killed many Varangians in one night. Yaroslav, who was in his country residence in Rakoma, found out about what had happened and called on representatives of the Novgorod nobility, promising them forgiveness, and when they arrived at him, he brutally dealt with them. It happened in July-August 1015.
After that, Yaroslav received a letter from his sister Predslava, in which she reported on the death of her father and on the events that happened after that. This news forced Prince Yaroslav to make peace with the Novgorodians. He also promised to pay vira[2]Vira is an old Russian measure of punishment for murder,
expressed in the recovery of monetary compensation
from the culprit. Vira was also called monetary compensation
for other crimes. One of the institutions of Old Russian
law. for each one killed. And in subsequent events, the Novgorodians invariably supported their prince.
The civil strife of the children of Prince Vladimir
1015-1019
According to official history, Svyatopolk sent assassins to his brothers – on the night of July 30, Prince Boris was killed along with a servant who tried to protect the owner, later, near Smolensk, the killers overtook Prince Gleb, and the Drevlyan prince Svyatoslav, who tried to escape to the Carpathians, died along with his seven sons in battle against a large detachment sent in pursuit of them.
In 1016 Yaroslav, at the head of the 3,000th Novgorod army and mercenary Varangian detachments, defeated the troops of Svyatopolk near Lyubech.
In 1017 the Pechenegs and allies of Svyatopolk undertook a campaign against Kyiv. During the battle, the Pechenegs even managed to get inside the city, but then they were driven out. The besieged undertook a sortie and, in the course of the pursuit, captured the banner of Svyatopolk.
(Art. V. Sheremetiev. 1867)
August 14, 1018 Boleslav and Svyatopolk entered Kyiv. As a reward for his help, Boleslav received the Cherven cities (an important trade hub on the way from Poland to Kyiv), the Kyiv treasury and many prisoners.
And Yaroslav prepared to run “over the sea.” But the Novgorodians cut down his boats and persuaded the prince to continue the fight against Svyatopolk. They collected money, concluded a new agreement with the Varangians of konung Eymund, and armed themselves.
In the spring of 1019 Svyatopolk fought Yaroslav in the decisive battle on the Alta River. The chronicle did not preserve the exact location and details of the battle. It is only known that the battle went on all day and was extremely fierce. Svyatopolk fled through Berestye and Poland to the Czech Republic. On the way, suffering from illness, he died.
1021 – conflict with Bryachislav
According to official history, Yaroslav overtook his nephew on the Sudoma River, defeated him and took away the loot, and the following year forced Bryachislav to make peace, transferring two cities to him – Usvyat and Vitebsk.
Despite this peace, hostilities between uncle and nephew did not stop: the latter “all the days of his life,” as the chronicle says, continued to fight with Yaroslav.
1023-26 – conflict with Mstislav
In 1024 at the Battle of Listven, Mstislav defeated his brother’s troops, forcing Yaroslav to flee to Novgorod. Mstislav did not to try claim the throne of Kyiv, but made Chernigov his capital and sent ambassadors to Yaroslav with a peace offer.
Yaroslav ruled Kyiv through voivods[3]Voivode – is a title denoting a military leader
or warlord in Central, Southeastern and Eastern Europe
since the Early Middle Ages. until 1026, until he gathered a large army, after which he returned to Kyiv and made peace at Gorodets with Prince Mstislav. The brothers divided the lands along the Dnieper. The left bank was kept by Mstislav, and the right bank by Yaroslav. Subsequently, Mstislav helped Yaroslav in the Polish campaigns of 1030-1031.
Yaroslav ruled from Novgorod until the death of Mstislav in 1036, after which he imprisoned his last brother Sudislav and moved to Kyiv.
Список литературы
- The Pechenegs or Patzinaks were a semi-nomadic Turkic ethnic people from Central Asia.
- Vira is an old Russian measure of punishment for murder, expressed in the recovery of monetary compensation from the culprit. Vira was also called monetary compensation for other crimes. One of the institutions of Old Russian law.
- Voivode – is a title denoting a military leader or warlord in Central, Southeastern and Eastern Europe since the Early Middle Ages.
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